California dreaming

Before the electric light bulb changed the world, another illuminating idea took shape: The University of California. Founded in 1868, UC has continued to shine brightly for 150 years, driving positive change across California and around the world.

On April 10, in honor of the milestone anniversary, five distinguished UC presidents convened at UC San Diego’s Birch Aquarium for a candid conversation about their unique challenges and successes as leaders of one of the world’s top public universities. The panel included current president Janet Napolitano, as well as former presidents Mark Yudof, Robert Dynes, Richard Atkinson and David Gardner.

UC San Diego Chancellor Pradeep K. Khosla welcomed more than 150 guests, including George Kieffer, chair of the UC Board of Regents, as well as alumni from across the University of California’s 10 campuses. In his opening remarks, Khosla recognized UC’s unique, long-lasting impact.

“It was a bold idea at the time to recognize that education should be accessible and affordable to all,” he said. “If this idea was to be implemented, there was only one state, and one system that could do it — California, by creating the University of California. It’s a system that is making a difference, which could not be done without great leadership.”

During the panel — moderated by Monica Lozano, former chair of the UC Board of Regents — the presidents delved into many topics, including the university serving as a pathway of social mobility for California students; how countless jobs, technologies and companies can be traced back to UC; and the university giving rise to the birth of the free speech movement.

California’s university

The University of California was founded on March 23, 1868 on the principle that college should be accessible to all Californians. What began with just 10 faculty members and 40 students at Berkeley has multiplied to 10 campuses and 273,000 students.

With the university serving as an engine of social mobility, more than one-third of all students come from low-income families, and nearly half are the first in their families to attend a university. And true to its promise, UC enrolls more Californians now than any other time in the university’s history.

“It is a great privilege to lead UC. It is without a doubt the world's best public research university,” Napolitano said. “One of the things that we have been focused on is to ensure that this is California's public university.”

Added President Emeritus and UC San Diego Chancellor Emeritus Robert Dynes, “I travel around the world a lot and I've discovered that people are in awe of the University of California … about the jobs created by UC, the healthcare delivered by people who were trained at the university, and all the innovation that comes from UC.”

For more than a century, UC scholars have been driven by an intense curiosity about the world, pioneering new fields and answers to the most urgent issues. From designing the cyclotron — the world’s first particle accelerator — in 1931, to recording the first increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere in 1958 and co-discovering HIV in 1983, the university has consistently raised the bar. Today, the University of California conducts 10 percent of all academic research in the nation and oversees five top-ranked medical centers that provide care to more than 4.5 million people a year.

Growing the Golden State

When President Emeritus Richard Atkinson first arrived at UC San Diego to become chancellor in 1980, it was the perfect place and ideal time to cultivate a campus that would translate research into practical applications that would benefit the local and statewide economy. Leading UC San Diego at a time when it was already in the nation’s top five for the amount of federal funding awarded, Atkinson helped shape the campus into a hub for entrepreneurship and technology transfer. Later, as UC president, he implemented technology transfer offices at each UC campus and jumpstarted university-industry collaborations.

“I think the research component of UC has been fantastic; it is clearly the best in the world,” said Atkinson. “This university has been absolutely critical in driving the economy of this state, not just in terms of quality of students we put into the pipeline, but in terms of the research that drives companies.”

Every day, an average of five new inventions are created at the university. More than 430,000 California jobs, $46 billion dollars in revenue and countless everyday items — from more plentiful fruits and vegetables to compact fluorescent light bulbs — can be traced back to UC. Locally, UC San Diego is the largest employer in the city, and more than 1,000 companies have been launched by or use technology produced on campus. Opportunities abound for faculty and students to turn their big ideas into viable solutions and successful startups.

“Undergraduates get to experience what research is all about,” explained President Emeritus Mark Yudof. “That's a huge asset that the university gives to these students so that they are ready to go. There are so many startup companies created by students that graduated with an idea. That is not as common at other universities.”

Speaking up for free speech

Growing up in Berkeley, Calif., President Emeritus David Gardner would venture to the entrance of the university to listen to activists and others talk about their causes. He went on to describe the birth of the free speech movement on the Berkeley campus in 1964. Gardner explained the importance of continuing to provide a venue for all speakers at the university, even if their speech is uncomfortable.

During the panel, the presidents delved into many topics, from the power of applied research to the birth of the free speech movement.

“We either believe in freedom of speech and protect it and defend it, or we don’t,” said Gardner. “If we invite someone, we have an obligation to ensure that that person is able to speak. And if it takes the chancellor of the university to accompany a particularly controversial figure to the space, they should do so in evidence of their support to this principle.”

Today, UC campuses have become important forums for a wide spectrum of ideas. This year, the university established the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement as part of a concerted educational, research and advocacy effort centered on the First Amendment’s critical importance to American democracy. Through research, advocacy, debate and discussion, the center helps ensure that the next generation of leaders is prepared to defend and advance these values.

Fiat lux: let there be light

The University of California has played a leading role in nearly every chapter of California’s storied history. Designed as an institution for all to gain knowledge — regardless of status — the university has surpassed expectations and defied convention. From admitting female students in 1870, far ahead of elite Eastern universities, to educating more first-generation and low-income students than the entire Ivy league combined, UC has stayed true its promise.

“This is an institution worth fighting for, for the future of California, our country and our world,” said Napolitano. “I hope that in celebrating our 150th anniversary we can commit to continuing that fight.”